Technical Reference
Material Grades & Technical Charts
One page for the data engineers ask for most — ASTM material specifications, chemical and mechanical properties, equivalent grades, tube pressure ratings, thread data, pressure conversion, soft goods temperature limits and tube fitting installation.
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01
Materials
Material Grades & Standards
Standard production is in SS 316 and SS 316L. The grades below are also manufactured to order. Each fitting or valve body is machined from bar stock or forgings to the ASTM specification listed, and tubing / pipe used alongside should be ordered to the matching tube or pipe standard.
Stainless Steel
SS 304 / 304L
SS 316 / 316L
SS 321
SS 347
Nickel Alloys & Special Grades
Monel 400
Inconel 600
Inconel 625
Hastelloy C-276
Duplex UNS S31803 / S32205
Super Duplex UNS S32750
Alloy 20
Copper Alloys & Carbon Steel
Brass C36000
Brass C37700 (forged)
Carbon Steel
| Material | UNS No. | Bar Stock | Forgings | Seamless Tube | Pipe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS 304 | S30400 | ASTM A479 / A276 | ASTM A182 F304 | ASTM A269 / A213 TP304 | ASTM A312 TP304 |
| SS 304L | S30403 | ASTM A479 / A276 | ASTM A182 F304L | ASTM A269 / A213 TP304L | ASTM A312 TP304L |
| SS 316 | S31600 | ASTM A479 / A276 | ASTM A182 F316 | ASTM A269 / A213 TP316 | ASTM A312 TP316 |
| SS 316L | S31603 | ASTM A479 / A276 | ASTM A182 F316L | ASTM A269 / A213 TP316L | ASTM A312 TP316L |
| SS 321 | S32100 | ASTM A479 / A276 | ASTM A182 F321 | ASTM A269 / A213 TP321 | ASTM A312 TP321 |
| Monel 400 | N04400 | ASTM B164 | ASTM B564 | ASTM B165 | ASTM B165 |
| Inconel 600 | N06600 | ASTM B166 | ASTM B564 | ASTM B167 | ASTM B167 |
| Inconel 625 | N06625 | ASTM B446 | ASTM B564 | ASTM B444 | ASTM B444 |
| Hastelloy C-276 | N10276 | ASTM B574 | ASTM B564 | ASTM B622 | ASTM B622 |
| Duplex 2205 | S31803 / S32205 | ASTM A479 | ASTM A182 F51 / F60 | ASTM A789 | ASTM A790 |
| Brass | C36000 / C37700 | ASTM B16 | ASTM B283 | ASTM B135 | — |
For reference only. The specification applied to your order is stated on the quotation and on the EN 10204 3.1 material certificate.
02
Material Charts
Chemical Composition
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS 304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–10.5 | — | N 0.10 |
| SS 316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | 2.0–3.0 | N 0.10 |
| SS 316L | 0.030 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–14.0 | 2.0–3.0 | N 0.10 |
| Monel 400 | 0.30 | 2.00 | 0.50 | — | 0.024 | — | 63.0 min | — | Cu 28.0–34.0, Fe 2.5 |
| Inconel 600 | 0.15 | 1.00 | 0.50 | — | 0.015 | 14.0–17.0 | 72.0 min | — | Fe 6.0–10.0, Cu 0.50 |
| Inconel 625 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 20.0–23.0 | 58.0 min | 8.0–10.0 | Nb+Ta 3.15–4.15, Fe 5.0 |
| Hastelloy C-276 | 0.010 | 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 14.5–16.5 | Balance | 15.0–17.0 | W 3.0–4.5, Fe 4.0–7.0 |
| Duplex 2205 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 22.0–23.0 | 4.5–6.5 | 3.0–3.5 | N 0.14–0.20 |
| Brass C36000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Cu 60.0–63.0, Pb 2.5–3.7, Fe 0.35, Zn Bal. |
For reference only. Values in weight %. Single values are maximum unless stated. Limits as per the applicable ASTM bar stock specification.
03
Material Charts
Mechanical Properties
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa, min) | Yield Strength 0.2% (MPa, min) | Elongation (%, min) | Hardness (max) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS 304 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 201 HB |
| SS 316 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 217 HB |
| SS 316L | 485 | 170 | 40 | 217 HB |
| Monel 400 | 480 | 170 | 35 | — |
| Inconel 600 | 550 | 240 | 30 | — |
| Inconel 625 | 827 | 414 | 30 | — |
| Hastelloy C-276 | 690 | 283 | 40 | — |
| Duplex 2205 | 655 | 450 | 25 | 290 HB |
| Brass C36000 | 338–469* | 124–310* | 18–53* | — |
For reference only. Annealed condition. *Brass values are typical ranges depending on temper and bar diameter.
04
Material Charts
Physical Properties
| Grade | Density (g/cm³) | Melting Range (°C) | Key Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|
| SS 304 | 8.00 | 1400–1450 | General corrosion resistance, economical |
| SS 316 / 316L | 8.00 | 1375–1400 | Molybdenum for chloride & pitting resistance |
| Monel 400 | 8.80 | 1300–1350 | Sea water, hydrofluoric acid service |
| Inconel 600 | 8.47 | 1354–1413 | High temperature oxidation resistance |
| Inconel 625 | 8.44 | 1290–1350 | High strength, crevice corrosion resistance |
| Hastelloy C-276 | 8.89 | 1325–1370 | Severe oxidising & reducing chemicals |
| Duplex 2205 | 7.80 | 1385–1445 | High strength, stress corrosion cracking resistance |
| Brass C36000 | 8.50 | 885–900 | Free machining, water & air service |
For reference only. Typical values; they are not guaranteed minimums.
05
Cross Reference
Equivalent Grades
| ASTM / AISI | UNS | Werkstoff Nr. | EN | JIS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 304 | S30400 | 1.4301 | X5CrNi18-10 | SUS304 |
| 304L | S30403 | 1.4307 | X2CrNi18-9 | SUS304L |
| 316 | S31600 | 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | SUS316 |
| 316L | S31603 | 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | SUS316L |
| 321 | S32100 | 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | SUS321 |
| Duplex 2205 | S32205 | 1.4462 | X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | — |
| Monel 400 | N04400 | 2.4360 | NiCu30Fe | — |
| Inconel 600 | N06600 | 2.4816 | NiCr15Fe | — |
| Inconel 625 | N06625 | 2.4856 | NiCr22Mo9Nb | — |
| Hastelloy C-276 | N10276 | 2.4819 | NiMo16Cr15W | — |
For reference only. Equivalents are close but not always identical in composition limits — confirm against the governing standard where it matters for your application.
06
Tubing
Tube Pressure Ratings & Sizes
SS 316 Seamless Tubing (ASTM A269)
| Tube OD | 0.028" wall | 0.035" wall | 0.049" wall | 0.065" wall | 0.083" wall | 0.109" wall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/8" | 8500 | 10900 | — | — | — | — |
| 1/4" | 4000 | 5100 | 7500 | 10200 | — | — |
| 3/8" | — | 3300 | 4800 | 6500 | — | — |
| 1/2" | — | 2600 | 3700 | 5100 | 6700 | — |
| 3/4" | — | — | 2400 | 3300 | 4200 | — |
| 1" | — | — | — | 2400 | 3100 | 4200 |
Pressures in PSIG at ambient temperature, for reference only. The rating of a tube system is set by the tubing, not the fitting. Compression tube fittings are rated up to 6000 PSI depending on size, material and tube wall thickness.
Fractional Tube — OD, Wall & Inside Diameter
| Tube OD | OD (mm) | Wall (in) | Wall (mm) | ID (in) | ID (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/8" | 3.18 | 0.028 | 0.71 | 0.069 | 1.75 |
| 1/8" | 3.18 | 0.035 | 0.89 | 0.055 | 1.40 |
| 1/4" | 6.35 | 0.035 | 0.89 | 0.180 | 4.57 |
| 1/4" | 6.35 | 0.049 | 1.24 | 0.152 | 3.86 |
| 1/4" | 6.35 | 0.065 | 1.65 | 0.120 | 3.05 |
| 3/8" | 9.53 | 0.035 | 0.89 | 0.305 | 7.75 |
| 3/8" | 9.53 | 0.049 | 1.24 | 0.277 | 7.04 |
| 3/8" | 9.53 | 0.065 | 1.65 | 0.245 | 6.22 |
| 1/2" | 12.70 | 0.049 | 1.24 | 0.402 | 10.21 |
| 1/2" | 12.70 | 0.065 | 1.65 | 0.370 | 9.40 |
| 1/2" | 12.70 | 0.083 | 2.11 | 0.334 | 8.48 |
| 3/4" | 19.05 | 0.065 | 1.65 | 0.620 | 15.75 |
| 3/4" | 19.05 | 0.083 | 2.11 | 0.584 | 14.83 |
| 1" | 25.40 | 0.083 | 2.11 | 0.834 | 21.18 |
| 1" | 25.40 | 0.109 | 2.77 | 0.782 | 19.86 |
Metric Tube — Common OD × Wall
| Tube OD (mm) | Wall (mm) | ID (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| 8 | 1.0 | 6.0 |
| 10 | 1.0 | 8.0 |
| 12 | 1.0 | 10.0 |
| 12 | 1.5 | 9.0 |
| 16 | 1.5 | 13.0 |
| 20 | 2.0 | 16.0 |
| 25 | 2.5 | 20.0 |
For reference only. ID = OD − 2 × wall, nominal values before tolerances. Use fully annealed seamless or welded & drawn tubing, hardness HRB 80 max (ASTM A269 / A213).
07
Threads
NPT, BSPT & BSPP Thread Data
| Feature | NPT | BSPT (R / Rc) | BSPP (G) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full Name | National Pipe Taper | British Standard Pipe Taper | British Standard Pipe Parallel |
| Standard | ASME B1.20.1 | ISO 7 (BS EN 10226) | ISO 228 |
| Thread Angle | 60° | 55° | 55° |
| Taper | 1:16 on diameter | 1:16 on diameter | Parallel (no taper) |
| Crest / Root | Flat | Rounded | Rounded |
| Sealing Method | On the threads — interference fit with PTFE tape or thread sealant | On the threads — interference fit with PTFE tape or thread sealant | Not on the threads — bonded washer, O-ring or gasket against a face |
| Common Use | North American & oil and gas specifications | Europe, Asia & Indian process plants | Gauge connections, hydraulic ports with face seals |
For reference only. NPT and BSP threads look similar but are not interchangeable — the thread angle and pitch differ in most sizes, and a mixed joint will leak.
| Nominal Size | NPT (TPI) | NPT Pitch (mm) | BSPT / BSPP (TPI) | BSP Pitch (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/8" | 27 | 0.941 | 28 | 0.907 |
| 1/4" | 18 | 1.411 | 19 | 1.337 |
| 3/8" | 18 | 1.411 | 19 | 1.337 |
| 1/2" | 14 | 1.814 | 14 | 1.814 |
| 3/4" | 14 | 1.814 | 14 | 1.814 |
| 1" | 11.5 | 2.209 | 11 | 2.309 |
For reference only. 1/2" and 3/4" share 14 TPI in both systems, but the 60° and 55° thread forms still do not seal against each other.
08
Conversion
Pressure Unit Conversion
| 1 Unit of | bar | psi | kPa | MPa | kg/cm² |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 bar | 1 | 14.504 | 100 | 0.1 | 1.0197 |
| 1 psi | 0.06895 | 1 | 6.895 | 0.006895 | 0.07031 |
| 1 kPa | 0.01 | 0.14504 | 1 | 0.001 | 0.010197 |
| 1 MPa | 10 | 145.04 | 1000 | 1 | 10.197 |
| 1 kg/cm² | 0.98067 | 14.223 | 98.067 | 0.098067 | 1 |
| 1 atm | 1.01325 | 14.696 | 101.325 | 0.101325 | 1.0332 |
For reference only. Read across: 1 unit in the left column equals the value shown under each unit.
| psi | bar | MPa | kg/cm² |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1000 | 68.9 | 6.89 | 70.3 |
| 2000 | 137.9 | 13.79 | 140.6 |
| 3000 | 206.8 | 20.68 | 210.9 |
| 5000 | 344.7 | 34.47 | 351.5 |
| 6000 | 413.7 | 41.37 | 421.8 |
| 10000 | 689.5 | 68.95 | 703.1 |
For reference only. Rounded values for the common valve and fitting pressure classes.
| ASME Class | Approx. PN Equivalent |
|---|---|
| 150# | PN 20 |
| 300# | PN 50 |
| 600# | PN 100 |
| 900# | PN 150 |
| 1500# | PN 250 |
| 2500# | PN 420 |
For reference only. ASME class and PN ratings are approximate equivalents — actual allowable pressure depends on material group and temperature per ASME B16.5 / EN 1092-1. Flange dimensions are not interchangeable between the two systems.
09
Soft Goods
Seat, Packing & Seal Temperature Limits
| Material | Typical Range (°C) | Used For | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| PTFE | -54 to 232 | Ball valve seats, stem packing | Chemically inert; pressure rating falls as temperature rises |
| RPTFE (glass filled) | -54 to 232 | Ball valve seats | Better creep and wear resistance than virgin PTFE |
| PEEK | -54 to 260 | High pressure seats, stem tips | High strength at elevated temperature and pressure |
| Grafoil (flexible graphite) | -200 to 450 | Needle valve & manifold packing | Fire safe, high temperature steam service |
| Viton (FKM) | -20 to 204 | O-rings, soft seals | Good for hydrocarbons and many acids |
| Buna-N (NBR) | -30 to 121 | O-rings, soft seals | Oils, fuels, water and air |
| EPDM | -45 to 150 | O-rings, soft seals | Hot water and steam; not suitable for oils |
For reference only. Typical ranges — the working limit of a valve is the lower of the body, seat and packing ratings at the given pressure. Check the product datasheet for the rating of a specific part.
10
Installation
Tube Fitting Installation Steps
Cut the Tube Square
Use a tube cutter or a fine-tooth hacksaw with a guide so the end is square to the tube axis.
Deburr & Clean
Remove inside and outside burrs and clean off chips so nothing enters the system or scores the ferrule seat.
Insert Fully
Push the tube into the fitting until it bottoms firmly on the body shoulder.
Finger Tight
Run the nut down finger tight while keeping the tube bottomed.
Mark the Nut
Mark the nut at the 6 o'clock position so the tightening turns can be counted.
Tighten 1-1/4 Turns
Hold the body with a spanner and turn the nut 1-1/4 turns. For 1/8" / 3 mm and smaller, tighten 3/4 turn only.
Gap Gauge Check
Where a gap inspection gauge is available, confirm it does not enter between nut and body.
For reference only. For remakes, insert the tube with pre-swaged ferrules, tighten finger tight, then snug slightly with a spanner. Do not mix nuts, ferrules and bodies from different manufacturers on one joint.
Need a Datasheet or Drawing?
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